Which condition requires immediate attention due to the risk of severe pain and infection?

Acute pulpitis is characterized by inflammation of the dental pulp that occurs suddenly and is often accompanied by severe pain. This condition arises when the pulp tissue, which houses the nerves and blood vessels of the tooth, becomes infected or irritated due to factors such as deep tooth decay, trauma, or a cracked tooth. Immediate attention is necessary due to the pain associated with acute pulpitis, which can be intense and debilitating. Moreover, without prompt treatment, there is a significant risk of the infection spreading, possibly leading to more serious complications such as abscess formation or systemic infection.

In contrast, chronic pulpitis generally involves a slower progression of inflammation, where symptoms may be less severe and pain may be intermittent. Conditions like gingival hyperplasia and dental calculus, while they can require treatment, typically do not present the immediate risk of severe pain or infection that acute pulpitis does. Thus, the urgency associated with acute pulpitis underscores the need for immediate dental intervention to prevent further complications and alleviate pain.